Thirteenth-century iconography decorates the nave’s wooden ceiling, designed with new solutions
The painted panels of the Cefalù Cathedral ceiling, arranged in horizontal axes, are 30cm high and 110m long. Traces of gold leaf, also found in the Palatine Chapel (iconographic similarities have also been found between Cefalù and the central aisle of the Palatine), and the precious blue lapis lazuli, the latter being considered royal, have been found among the bright colours. Despite the losses and the difficulty in reading some of the panels, it can be seen that the iconography, the result of a coherent process and skilled craftsmen, is diverse but features courtly, fantastic and natural world motifs. In the long continuous panels, subdivided into medallions decorated with a beaded motif, there are repeated decorative scenes with lions (the lion is often repeated as the heraldic coat of arms of the Hauteville family), antelopes, griffins, snakes, sphinxes, rabbits, birds in heraldic poses, peacocks with open tails, camels, elephants, gazelles, twin animals and the presence of hexagonal and octagonal designs, of Islamic inspiration, which recall the decorations of the carving below. The scene of the swan/ibis is particularly unique: elegant and with a long beak, the animal is caught fighting a snake, recalling the Egyptian motif of the sacred ibis. Interspersed with zoomorphic and branching plant decorations and floral motifs, other panels present depictions of warriors, falconers, hunters, horsemen, boldly outlined in black, and other men pointing at animals, playing instruments (including lutes, castanets, tambourines, cymbals, psalteries), dancing, drinking or holding cups and containers. The rendering of their costumes is refined, as is the study of expressions and physical characteristics. Other scenes are far more complex and feature the Tree of Life, the capturing of an animal, a peacock bearer, musicians on an elephant, a scribe, fantastic characters with fish tails and scenes of fighting.
Looking at the pitched roof of Cefalù Cathedral takes us back in time to when it was built as an unprecedented work in perfect harmony with the structure of the walls of the nave. It was so large and flooded with free light that special attention had to be paid to the construction aspects of its roof.
The solution adopted by the medieval carpenters was not limited to the choice of a truss configuration
, in respect of the Romanesque style, but to a system of elements extended to the entire base surface of the roof. The connection and interaction of the parts increased the absorption of thrust, using forward-looking strategies characteristic of the Gothic period.
These were already visible in the aesthetic and functional arrangement of the spindle-shaped series of chains designed to reduce weight-related inflection. Clues hidden in the outer bank of the walkway, which contains a pictorial decoration inspired by heraldic themes, lead us back to the first restorations, during the Ventimiglia period, in 1263.
The wooden ceiling subsequently underwent alterations during the 16th and 17th centuries that caused some of its elements from the period of the first construction to be moved from their original positions. In the middle of the nave of the Cefalù Cathedral, linked to a unified and, perhaps, broader decorative concept with the octagonal stars
in the attic, scenes painted
on boards arranged on horizontal axes develop with dynamic fluency.
The links between the hauteville family and the monastic orders in Sicily
Cefalù: settlement evidence through time
The marble portal: an intimate dialogue between complex ornamental aspects and formal structure
Mosaic decoration
From the main gate to the aisles: an invitation to a journey of faith
The construction of Monreale Cathedral: between myth and history
A tree full of life
The towers and the western facade
A palimpsest of history
The dialogue between the architectures of the monumental complex
The Gualtiero Cathedral
The Bible carved in stone
Roger II of hauteville: a sovereign protected by God
Gardens and architecture as a backdrop to the city of Palermo
The side Portico: a combination of elegance and lightness of form
The medieval city amidst monasticism and feudal aristocracy
The architectural modifications ti the cathedral building after the death of Roger II and the transformations of the cloister
The southern portico
The Cathedral over the centuries
The original design
The lost chapel
The plasticism of the main portico and Bonanno Pisano’s Monumental Bronze Door
The chapel of san Castrense: an important renaissance work
The liturgical spaces of the protesis and the diaconicon
Thirteenth-century iconography decorates the nave’s wooden ceiling, designed with new solutions
Artistic elements in Peter’s ship
A controversial interpretation
A polysemy of high-level artistic forms and content
Layers of different cultures decorate the external apses
Palermo: the happiest city
The rediscovered chapel
The mosaics of the apses
Transformations over the centuries
A Northern population
Two initially similar towers, varied over time
Beyond the harmony of proportions
The beginning of the construction site
A remarkable ceiling
The chystro: a place between earth and sky
The senses tell Context 1
Survey of the royal tombs
The Cefalù cathedral: a construction yard undergoing a change between a surge of faith and control over the territory
A mixture of styles pervades the floor decorations
The towers facing the facade used as bell towers
Under the crosses of the Bema
A compositional design that combines nordic examples with new artistic languages, over the centuries
The side aisles
The columns of the nave: the meticulous study of the overall order
The mosaics of the presbytery
A cloister of accentuated stylistic variety
Porphyry sarcophagi: royalty and power
Biblical themes enlivened by the dazzling light of the stained – glass windows overlooking the naves
The chapel of the crucifix: an artistic casket based on a previous model
The Chapel of St. Mary Magdalene
The king’s mark
Characteristics of religious architecture in the romanesque period
A chapel by an unknown designer based on repeated symmetries
The Chapel of the Kings
The Great Restoration
The decorated facade
The longest aisle
The area of the Sanctuary
The Great Presbytery: a unique space for the cathedral
The Virgin Hodegetria
The cemetery of kings
The chapel of St. Benedict
The chorus: beating heart of the cathedral
The paradisiacal “Conca d’oro” that embraces Palermo: a name with countless faces through time
The transformations of the hall through the centuries
Norman religious architecture with islamic influences in Sicily
Worship services
Tempus fugit: a strategic project implemented in a short period of time
From the Mosque to the Cathedral
The cultural substrate through time
Roger II’s strategic design
MiC – Ministero della Cultura
Legge 77/2006 - Misure Speciali di Tutela e Fruizione dei Siti Italiani di Interesse Culturale, Paesaggistico e Ambientale, inseriti nella “Lista Del Patrimonio Mondiale”, posti sotto la Tutela dell’ UNESCO Regione Siciliana.
Assessorato dei Beni Culturali e dell’Identità Siciliana, Dipartimento dei Beni Culturali e dell’Identità Siciliana.
Parco archeologico della Valle dei Templi di Agrigento.
, in respect of the Romanesque style, but to a system of elements extended to the entire base surface of the roof. The connection and interaction of the parts increased the absorption of thrust, using forward-looking strategies characteristic of the Gothic period.
in the attic,
scenes painted
