The Punic Wars were three wars fought between Rome and Carthage between 2300 and 2200 years ago. The wars were won by Rome, which dominated the Mediterranean Sea thereafter. They are known as Punic because the Romans called the Carthaginians Punics. Punic is actually a shift in the word Phoenicia...

Obsidian is a volcanic glass resulting from the near complete cooling of gas-less and therefore very viscous lava. As soon as it leaves the crater, the lava cools rapidly, which does not allow the various atoms to crystallise properly, forming a glass-like structure. Obsidian is a natural glass, v...

Underwater volcanoes are volcanic structures that have failed to emerge above sea level, often because their eruptive activity ended before they reached the required height. They stand at least 1,000 metres above the seabed. It is estimated that there are around 30,000 underwater volcanoes on our ...

A volcanic structure is nothing more than the volcano itself, formed by the overlapping of lava flows and pyroclasts. It is generally conical in shape, but it can change a lot depending on the chemical composition of the magma of the specific volcano....

The term pyroclast indicates any granule produced by volcanic activity during an explosive eruption. Pyroclasts are divided into: Bombs: if they are greater than 6.4 cm in diameter; Lapilli: if they are between 0.2 and 6.4 cm in diameter; Ash: if they are smaller than 0.2 cm in diameter....

Magma is the fiery matter that comes from inside the Earth and out of volcanoes in the form of lava. Magma is essentially formed of molten rock that forms in the bowels of the Earth. It feeds volcanoes, creates minerals and rocks, transports energy and mineral resources to the Planet’s surface....

Volcanic eruptions are divided into two main types: effusive, where lava flows and escapes, and explosive, where the magma is fragmented by the explosion of gas bubbles inside it Explosive eruptions are divided into 5-6 main types, and are classified by considering the total energy of the eruptio...

Volcanology is a branch of Geology (the science that studies rocks), and is related to the study of volcanoes. This science aims to understand the origin and function of volcanoes and their eruptions, in order to understand the dangers that populations and human activities living around them may f...

UNESCO is the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. Founded on 4 November 1945 in Paris, it aims to support peace, the relationship between different cultures and the environment in which we find ourselves. One of its most important initiatives is the World Heritage Li...

A barrel vault is a non-planar roof system. In fact, its semi-cylindrical shape derives from the arch and it is usually used to roof rectangular rooms....